Science Is Not a Finished Book

Objection: Language Family Theory Is Unscientific

Existing Indo-European language family diagrams assume that languages descend in a linear family tree from top to bottom and that “large masses swallow the small.” Yet the laws of nature and evolution tell us that languages cannot spread through such a simplistic mechanism. Languages spread through migrations; however, archaic languages such as Kurdish are positioned in official narratives as the “child” or “offshoot” of other family members that are numerically larger. This situation is fundamentally contrary to nature, because water does not flow from the plain to the mountain — it spreads from the peak downward toward the plains.

As it happens, recent research proving that science is not static has vindicated this objection. A comprehensive study led by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and published in the internationally respected scientific journal Science has shaken 200-year-old traditional theories to their core. According to this up-to-date research conducted jointly by linguists and geneticists, strong evidence has been obtained indicating that the origin of the Indo-European language family lies not in the northern steppes but in the northern arc of the Fertile Crescent and the southern Caucasus — a geography encompassing the Zagros and Mesopotamia. The study reveals that languages spread outward from this core region in hybrid waves, in precisely the opposite direction to what had been claimed until now. This is the freshest proof of how the linguistic maps that science once presented as “definitive truth” have had to be rewritten. [1, 2, 3, 4]

Science Is Continuous Like Evolution

Science is not a static body of rules; it is a dynamic process that, just like living organisms, constantly mutates and evolves. No piece of knowledge we have reached today is the absolute final station. This constant shedding of old skin is the most essential mechanism for humanity to approach absolute truth and objective reality in the universe. If science were to freeze, it would be no different from superstition and dogma. Making mistakes, being wrong, and discarding old theories in the light of new evidence does not weaken science; on the contrary, it makes it the only reliable path to truth.

The Collapse of Paradigms: Taboos Are Only Meant to Be Broken

The history of science is the history of the “never-to-be-questioned” absolute truths of one era being demolished by new-generation tools and bold questions. The belief that Newtonian mechanics completely explained the universe until Einstein rewrote physics with his theory of relativity, or the anthropological classifications based on skull shapes being rendered obsolete once genetics emerged, are among the most striking examples. Similarly, the dogma that Neanderthals were primitive, brutish, and a completely separate species with no connection to Homo sapiens collapsed with the ancient DNA revolution. We now know that modern human genomes carry Neanderthal traces — that is, our ancestors encountered and interbred with them, leaving a shared legacy. This example shows how even “definitive” biological boundaries are redrawn in the light of new evidence. The pages of science never close, because every new discovery gives rise to dozens of new questions waiting to be answered.

Skepticism Against Dogmatism: Asking Questions Is More Valuable Than Answering Them

What makes science a living organism is not blind faith in authorities and written texts, but organized skepticism. Every institutionalized body of knowledge produced by human hands — including open-source digital encyclopedias like Wikipedia — carries the dominant paradigm and prejudices of its own era. Genuine scientific progress occurs thanks to dissenting ideas that dare to ask, “What if it is the exact opposite?” in the face of “official” consensus shared by everyone.

Collective Memory and Anthropological Fallacies

Human history and the development of language cannot be explained solely through the official archives of surviving dominant states or the hierarchical classifications of powerful nations. Anthropology and archaeology produce biased results when conducted in the shadow of modern political borders and artificial supra-identities. Yet nature and geography have their own memory. The raw truths hidden in the sheltered valleys of mountains, in genes, and in the sound frequencies of ancient words sooner or later falsify the hierarchical history books written at desks.

The Science of the Future Feeds on the Mistakes of the Past

In conclusion, science is not a book written and closed in the past; on the contrary, humanity adds new lines to that book every single day and corrects the mistakes on old pages. If dogmatic refrains about the origins of languages are collapsing today under the weight of ancient DNA and advanced computational linguistic models, then tomorrow the absolute truths of today will also be shaken. The beauty and power of science lie precisely in this incompleteness, in its elegance of being able to renew itself at any moment.

References

[1] Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (2023). New insights into the origin of the Indo-European languages. https://www.mpg.de/20666229/0725-evan-origin-of-the-indo-european-languages-150495-x

[2] ScienceDaily. (2023). Indo-European languages traced back to Anatolia, study suggests. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230727143913.htm

[3] Heggarty, P. et al. (2023). Language trees with sampled ancestors support a hybrid model for the origin of Indo-European languages. Science, 381(6656), eabg0818. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abg0818

[4] Science journal relevant article page. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abg0818

Peace.